14日，白宫发布声明表示，拜登政府宣布对价值180亿美元的中国进口商品征收新关税税率。    The mother who rushed into Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, TX, to save her children while a gunman rampaged and police stood by, now says she is being harassed by law enforcement.,Angeli Rose Gomez rushed to the school that her two young boys attend the moment she heard there was an active shooter. While police waited outside, gunshots and the screams of children could be heard by the growing crowd of concerned parents.,Police waited 77 minutes after their arrival before confronting and eventually killing the shooter. During that time, Gomez and other parents pleaded with law enforcement to save their children. Gomez was eventually cuffed by police, who told her to cooperate and calm down. She eventually convinced the police to uncuff her and then she ran to the school, hopping a fence and running to the door window of her eldest son’s classroom. She was eventually able to get him and the other students in the class out, but her youngest child was still inside.,Ignoring the danger to her safety and the threats of law enforcement, she then frantically searched the school for her other child, eventually finding and freeing him. 19 third and fourth graders, along with two teachers, were killed in the shooting.,Uvalde School District Puts Police Chief on Administrative Leave Amid Probe Into School Shooting23 June, 00:41 GMT,Gomez, who says cops tackled parents trying to do the same thing as her, became a national sensation after telling her story, but now she says law enforcement officers are harassing her and her family.,“The other night we were exercising and we had a cop parked at the corner like, flickering us with his headlights,” she told the local Fox affiliate. The situation has gotten so bad that Gomez has sent her boys away so they don’t have to witness the harassment. “Just so my sons don’t feel like they have to watch cops passing by, stopping, parking.”,Gomez also recently attended a Uvalde city council meeting, where she and other community members held signs demanding that School District Police Chief Pete Arredondo be fired. On Wednesday, Arredondo was placed on administrative leave, but that is not enough for Gomez and others in the Uvalde community; they want Arredondo gone permanently and without pay.,Texans Smell Cover-up as Officials Refuse to Release Uvalde Shooting Footage, Records21 June, 17:31 GMT,Earlier this year, Arredondo was elected to the Uvalde city council. He was sworn in days after the shooting in a ceremony that was closed to the public. Since that time, Arredondo missed his first two council meetings and his request for a leave of absence was denied. If Arredondo misses another meeting, the council could vote to remove him.,As for Gomez, she says her next plan is to sue the city. She has retained the services of attorney Mark Di Carlo, who says he is representing 15 parents in Uvalde. The lawsuit has not yet been filed and Di Carlo says he wants to wait until they gather as much evidence as possible before bringing it to court.,“The fact that [Arredondo] wasn't fired immediately based upon whatever it is, hours of video, from testimonies such as Angeli's, is an indication that there is some sort of what, corruption or wrong-doing," Carlo explained.。

具体而言，从今年起，美方将对进口的中国电动汽车征收四倍关税，从25%提高到100%。将对中国太阳能电池的进口税翻一番，从25%提高到50%。

B | 对部分中国进口钢铁和铝征收的关税将增加三倍以上，从目前的7.5%提高到25%。

同时，拜登政府还指示美国贸易代表戴琪（Katherine Tai）将用于电动汽车的锂离子电池和用于其他用途的锂电池的关税税率提高两倍多。

C | 此外，从2025年开始，进口中国半导体的关税将从25%跃升至50%。

白宫在这份概况介绍中说，将首次对中国进口的医用针头和注射器以及大型船岸起重机征收关税；中国的橡胶医用手套、部分呼吸器和口罩也将被征收更高的关税。

据环球网报道，在5月14日外交部记者会上，有记者提问称，美国总统拜登将在周二宣布对来自中国的产品加征关税，这些关税是针对中国的电动汽车，还有医疗用品以及太阳能产品的，中国外交部发言人汪文斌对此表示，中方一贯反对违反世贸规则，单方面加征关税，中方将采取一切必要措施维护自身正当权益。

北京大成律师事务所高级合伙人孙磊在接受第一财经记者采访时表示，美方这一行为涉嫌违反世贸组织（WTO）协议。

孙磊解释称，首先，如果这项关税只针对中国征收，这一做法违反了WTO的最惠国待遇原则，WTO的相关最惠国待遇原则规定，应给予所有WTO成员相同最优惠贸易待遇；其次，WTO成员方之间已经协商并承诺降低的关税不能随意增加，因此这一做法也违反了美国在WTO作出的关税减让承诺。

白宫国家经济顾问布雷纳德（Lael Brainard）表示，加征关税的目的是确保拜登的立法措施（如美国《通胀削减法案》《芯片与科学法》以及《基础设施法案》）所创造的新的制造业就业机会不会被中国的大量出口所“削弱”，这些领域包括电动汽车、电池、重要医疗设备、钢铝、半导体和太阳能。

根据白宫的声明，根据301条款，某些钢铁和铝产品的关税税率将从0-7.5%增加到2024年的25%。白宫称，钢铁是美国经济的重要部门，最近，拜登政府宣布为包括钢铁和铝在内的33个清洁生产项目投资60亿美元。

在半导体领域，拜登政府决定，到2025年，对中国的半导体的关税税率将从25%提高到50%。在电动汽车领域，2024年，电动汽车关税税率将从25%提高到100%。在太阳能电池领域，2024年，太阳能电池（无论是否组装成模块）的关税税率将从25%提高到50%。

在电池、电池组件和关键矿物方面，2024年，锂离子电动汽车电池的关税税率将从7.5%提高到25%；2026年，锂离子非电动汽车电池的关税税率将从7.5%提高到25%。电池零部件的关税率将在2024年从7.5%提高到25%。天然石墨和永久磁铁的关税税率将从零增加到2026年的25%。某些其他关键矿物的关税税率将在2024年从零增至25%。

此外，2024年，船岸起重机的关税税率将从0%提高到25%。在医疗用品领域，2024年，注射器和针头的关税税率将从0%提高到50%。对于某些个人防护设备(PPE)，包括某些呼吸器和口罩，关税税率将从0-7.5%提高到2024年的25%。

D | 2026年，橡胶医用和外科手套的关税将从7.5%提高到25%。

E |

需要看到的是，此次拜登政府潜在的措施与其说是为了压制细分市场，不如说是为了阻止预期的进口增长：中国的钢铁、铝和汽车目前只占美国供应量的很小一部分。

F |

美国智库战略与国际研究中心（CSIS）则称，目前超过80%的太阳能电池板生产在中国进行，而在中国生产一块电池板的成本要比美国便宜60%。

G |

孙磊也对第一财经记者表示，目前中国电动车占美国市场份额不大，在这个初始阶段增加关税的阵痛会小一些。美方的逻辑是，若没有干涉，中国电动汽车占美国的市场份额势必会上涨，在对中国供应链形成依赖后加以干涉的成本会更大。

值得关注的是，拜登政府的多位经济顾问对于是否调整特朗普时代的关税仍存在分歧。美国贸易代表戴琪主张提高关税，美国应采取“早期行动、果断行动”以保护美国电动汽车行业免受中国的影响。

H | 而财政部长耶伦等其他人则呼吁降低消费品关税，同时将关税重点放在战略部门。

对此，孙磊表示，若对华电动车加征关税一事为事实，短期内对特斯拉等在中国投资建厂的车企有较大影响。

I | 以特斯拉为例，如果加征关税，目前在中国生产的汽车将只能在中国或除美国外的其他市场销售，这会导致车企的固定成本提高。但特斯拉在德国等其他国家的超级工厂可以对这一变动进行消化和调整。

孙磊表示，对于中企来说，考虑转移投资的压力会更大，决策步伐会加快。此外，这一变化影响的不仅是电动汽车产业。由于汽车产品的供应链非常长，汽车组装和生产迁移到其他国家可能会导致包括钢铝、发动机技术、锂电池等在内的整条供应链也受影响。