美国恐怖故事第二季

US transshipment claims attempt to build ‘higher fence,’ disrupt global supply chains: experts_我的网站

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    Shipping containers are loaded and unloaded onto ships at the Port of Los Angeles, California, on July 9, 2025. Photo: VCG
When even major US allies and trading partners are swept into Washington's alleged China-linked transshipment network, is the US still cracking down on its so-called illegal tariff evasion, or is it raising its "small yard, high fence" higher and tighten it further by wielding its tariff stick and extending tariff controls across normal global supply chains?
The White House on Thursday released a report identifying roughly 40 economies as participants in what it calls a "Shadow Transshipment Network", alleging that Chinese goods are being routed through third countries to evade higher US tariffs. The list stretches across Asia, Europe and the Americas and includes some of Washington's closest allies and largest trading partners.
Chinese experts said the report is partly aimed at defending Washington's tariff policy by shifting responsibility for its weakened impact onto other economies, while also pressuring them to follow US trade and origin rules. In effect, the US is trying to extend its unilateral trade restrictions beyond its own borders and deeper into global supply chains, they said.
Build 'higher fence'
The 25-page report claims that US import sourcing saw a "substantial reallocation" after the 2018 tariffs, as China's direct share declined and imports from identified transshipment economies rose. It alleges that some goods were routed through lower-tariff jurisdictions, where minor processing, relabeling, repackaging, re-invoicing or paperwork changes were used to create the appearance of a new national origin. 
However, the report itself acknowledges that alleged transshipment risks in several major economies are "embedded within broad legitimate trade flows." It also admitted that the post-2018 shift in US imports "does not establish" that all displaced Chinese trade was illegally transshipped and partly reflected "legitimate changes in production, investment, and sourcing."
False declarations of origin or simple repackaging can amount to tariff circumvention, but investing overseas, building factories abroad or sourcing components across borders are legitimate forms of supply-chain adjustment, experts said.
One purpose of the report is to portray Washington's tariff policy as effective while attributing its diminished impact to the responses of other economies, Zhou Mi, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, told the Global Times. 
This allows Washington to shift responsibility onto other economies and put itself in a more favorable position in shaping the narrative around its tariff policy, Zhou said.
Cui Fan, a professor at the University of International Business and Economics, told the Global Times that US rules for determining country of origin are not fully aligned with those used by other economies. The latest move could pressure other countries to adopt US standards, but Cui said such an approach is unlikely to work.
"Countries formulate their rules of origin based on a range of factors, including the scale and technological conditions of their own industries," Cui said. "Industrial structures and the global division of labor cannot be reshaped simply through pressure from one country."
Harmonization of rules of origin - applying the same rules across countries regardless of purpose - "would facilitate the flow of international trade," according to WTO on its website. 
It has also warned that misuse of such rules may turn them into "a trade policy instrument" rather than merely a device supporting other trade policy measures, according to WTO.
Washington was pursuing hegemonic politics and unilateral bullying in the economic and trade sphere under the guise of "reciprocity", a spokesperson for China's Ministry of Commerce said when commenting on the US use of tariffs to pressure other countries into restricting economic and trade cooperation with China. 
Disrupting global supply chains

Cui said production and trade networks linking China with South Korea, Europe and other economies have taken shape over years of market-driven specialization. By lowering production and logistics costs and improving efficiency, these networks have benefited businesses and consumers across participating economies.
"The real challenge facing global trade today is not so-called illegal transshipment, but the continued damage that unilateralism and trade protectionism are inflicting on the multilateral trading system," Cui added.
Since returning to office, the Trump administration has made tariffs a centerpiece of its trade policy, rolling out sweeping "reciprocal tariffs" and other broad duties that have drawn widespread criticism at home and abroad. On Thursday, Washington announced new Section 232 tariffs on drones and their parts and components, further expanding the range of products subject to US tariffs.
US tariffs have themselves pushed companies to reconfigure supply chains. Washington is now citing those very adjustments as evidence of circumvention, effectively using the market fallout from its own tariff policy to justify further trade restrictions, Chinese experts noted.
International trade is based on mutual benefit, and sovereign countries have the legitimate right to conduct economic and trade cooperation independently, Cui said. "No country should interfere with normal global trade simply to advance its own unilateral interests."
The report broadens its scrutiny beyond routing and documentation to include China-origin inputs or components, Chinese ownership or financing, relationships with Chinese suppliers or manufacturers, China-based production steps and China-origin routing histories.
Analysts believed the latest move is more than simply making the existing "high fence" higher. By trying to bring more economies and a larger portion of global supply chains within the reach of US tariff enforcement, Washington attempted to make the "yard" itself much bigger.
Cui warned that sustained US pressure to reshape normal trade and supply-chain links could fragment mature regional production networks, and reduce the efficiency of global resource allocation, with the impact extending far beyond China-US trade given the wide range of economies named in the report.
Zhou noted that companies would be forced to redesign supply chains to manage rising policy risks, adding costs that could feed back into the US through higher inflation while creating broader frictions and instability for global trade.
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B |     8月26日讯 在谈到治理职业联赛极端球迷行为时，《足球》报撰文表示，打击是最好的办法，尤其是要从司法和行业两个层面都要加大力度。仅仅一周的时间，从8月19日到25日，连续发生的多起极端球迷行为，让3名球迷收到了警方的行政拘留罚单，2个中超赛区和2家中超俱乐部收到了中联的4份行业罚单。

C | 在火热的夏天，火爆的中超联赛背后，频发的球迷恶性事件值得警惕，这很容易摧毁职业联赛来之不易的球市。除了进一步加大司法和行业双重打击力度之外，综合性治理势在必行。第一份罚单是8月19日由上海警方公布，在8月18日上海申花主场对阵北京国安的比赛中，3人对身着非主场球队球员服饰的男童父亲进行指责谩骂，因寻衅滋事的违法行为被警方依法处以行政拘留。第一份行业罚单也是本场比赛，对上海赛区进行通报批评，涉及两个事件，其一是上述案件，其二则是在客队球迷观赛区域有部分北京国安球迷身着印有不文明文字的服装。第二份行业罚单则给予第一份行业罚单的第二条内容，因此给予北京国安足球俱乐部罚款5万元人民币，且后续两个客场比赛的观众席位削减10%。需要说明的是，此前曾经有类似行为，如2023年成都蓉城球迷在客场（对阵山东泰山）张挂侮辱性标语，山东赛区被通报批评，但当时并未处罚成都蓉城足球俱乐部，为此蓉城球迷还曾向山东赛区道歉。这一次赛区（赛事管理）和俱乐部（违规主体）同时处罚，实际上补齐了漏洞。第三份行业罚单则给予武汉赛区，原因是在22日武汉三镇和天津津门虎的比赛中，主队球迷呼喊侮辱性口号辱骂客队球迷，赛后围聚、攻击客队球迷大巴，处罚是通报批评，罚款2万元人民币。

D | 第四份行业罚单给予武汉三镇足球俱乐部，除了第三份行业罚单的两个事件之外，还包括比赛开始前，武汉三镇聘请的体育展示工作人员向客队球迷作出侮辱性手势。武汉三镇被通报批评、罚款6万元、C105看台16-21排实施无观众比赛1场。8月23日，在赛场内外陆续出现辱骂挑衅、地域对立、欺凌普通观众、场外对峙滋事、网络引战抹黑等不文明行为后，中足联再次发布了《文明观赛 理性助威——2026赛季职业联赛文明观赛倡议书》，倡导广大球迷文明助威、理性观赛、包容友善、拒绝戾气，共建积极健康、向上向善的中国球迷文化。球迷恶性事件背后是球队极端对立情绪越来越严重，地域攻击行为越来越严重。

E | 在这种对立和攻击的背后，球迷以泄愤的方式表达对自己球队的“忠诚”，然后通过捆绑其他从业者加深这种对立情绪；地方媒体和自媒体则基于多重原因推波助澜，或者不敢对抗这种情绪；当然也包括地方足协、俱乐部和相关监管部门对相关行为包括相关球迷组织缺乏足够的预警，出现之后对其危险性预估不足，处理不当。当然，亦有行业从业者认为，球迷对立情绪是球市的催化剂之一，一方面要严防球迷恶性事件，避免极端对立情绪，避免地域攻击行为，另一方面也要避免一刀切，或者打击范围扩大，要允许有适当的对立和适当的情绪。当然，适当的对立和极端的对立，适当的情绪和极端的情绪，界限并不清晰，尺寸的把握要有一个基本的准则。事实上，俱乐部并非没有管理抓手——票务归属、助威区域划分、横幅标语审核、年票续费附加文明观赛承诺书等手段都是切实可行的手段。就球迷恶性事件治理而言，打击是最好的办法。

F | 俗话说，记打不记吃，谨防恶性事件道理很简单：持续加大打击球迷恶性事件的力度，尤其是要从司法和行业两个层面都要加大力度，更重要的是，相关违规处罚不要遮遮掩掩，一定要第一时间直接公布。一个很有意思的例子，此前有球迷被拘留之后，各地球迷迅速冷静下来，但只要有一个两个月没有类似处罚，有极端球迷就好了伤疤忘了疼开始搞事情。实际上，因为球迷恶性事件，球迷所遭遇的不止行政拘留，更严重的事件中还有多人受到刑事处罚。

G | 然后便是综合性治理。文明观赛习惯的养成，不应该仅仅是警方和中足联，更应该包括俱乐部以及足协（赛区），因为很多事件尚未达到拘留的标准，距离触发中足联的处罚也有一点距离。行业层面，中足联已启动“职业联赛文明行动月”，部分球迷组织也承诺加强领喊人员教育、增设文明督导员。

H | 这些星星之火能否燎原，取决于俱乐部是否愿意投入真金白银和真实精力去做球迷教育，取决于地方足协是否敢于对“自家球迷”的不文明行为说不，更取决于每一个普通球迷是否愿意规范自己行为。在申花和三镇的罚单公布的次日，两家俱乐部先后做出回应。上海申花表示将进一步完善主场赛事运营管理，同时呼吁球迷“将满腔热情化为理性呐喊，坚守观赛行为底线”。武汉三镇则更早启动了内部行动，在处罚公布前已对涉事球迷组织开展专项文明观赛教育与整顿，对涉事球迷协会作出相应处罚，并宣布将全面升级球迷管理机制，建立赛前风险预判与赛中赛后全流程管控体系。两家俱乐部在回应中都提及“压实主体责任”与“接受监督”。同时，针对球迷恶性事件的治理，仍旧需要司法、足协和俱乐部多方合力，制定完善的管理制度和沟通机制，尤其是针对球迷组织加强管理，再进行严厉打击，如此是有希望化风险于无形的。

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Published on:05:22:25