Your current location:Home > Latest news text

奋斗

China Introduces Vaccine Mandates for Most Public Venues for First Time_我的网站

请回答1994

一 |       从血常规、尿常规到微生物筛查、基因检测,检验医学已成为临床诊疗不可或缺的重要支撑,为疾病诊断、疗效监测、预后评估提供了重要依据。    Beginning next week, people wanting to enter certain public facilities in China will need to show proof of COVID-19 vaccination or of having a medical reason for not getting the shot, Li Ang, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Health Commission, told reporters on Wednesday.,The list includes museums, theaters, stadiums, gyms, and other entertainment venues; in addition, elderly people will also have to show proof of vaccination to enter community facilities such as game rooms. Restaurants and public transportation are exempt from the new requirement.,The new mandate is in addition to a standing requirement for residents of the Chinese capital city to get tested every three days and to need a negative test to enter public venues.,A year ago, when the Delta variant of COVID-19 caused the worst outbreak in China since the one that started the pandemic, and Beijing responded by ushering in the “Zero Covid” policy, the National Health Commission urged provincial authorities to keep the vaccination program “informed, consented and voluntary” and not to introduce mandates for public access, as many Western states had done.,However, that was before China succeeded at vaccinating 87% of its 1.4 billion-strong population, including 97% of Chinese adults, and before the Omicron variant caused the worst and most persistent outbreaks for China until now in the pandemic.,The change also comes as the NHC relaxes travel quarantine requirements for the first time since the start of the pandemic in early 2020, but also as Beijing health authorities indicated they were planning for “Zero Covid” to last another five years.,The NHC reported 427 new cases on the Chinese mainland on Wednesday, most of them concentrated in the eastern provinces of Anhui and Jiangsu, and no new deaths. The news brings the total detected cases on the mainland since the start of the pandemic to 226,176, while total deaths remained at 5,226. The situation has been less rosy in Hong Kong, a special administrative region with greater autonomy, and in Taiwan, where an autonomous government with foreign backing rules in defiance of Chinese claims of sovereignty.,Paradoxically, Chinese elders have a lower vaccination rate than younger generations. Last month, the Financial Times reported that Chinese cities had begun offering “vaccine insurance” to people over the age of 60, pledging to cover their medical costs related to any potential complications caused by vaccination. Some two-thirds of Chinese citizens over 60 are under-vaccinated, with 95 million not having gotten their booster shot as of June 5.,Ma Chaofeng, a health official in Shaanxi’s capital of Xi'an, told reporters on Tuesday that more than two dozen cases had been detected in the city and were identified as the BA 5.2 subvariant of Omicron. The city introduced new mass nucleic testing on Wednesday in an attempt to stay ahead of a larger outbreak, with most commercial and medical institutions remaining open as normal. Nonetheless, in the West, where essentially all pandemic mitigation measures have been discarded, the move was described as “Xi’an shuts back down.”,“The transmission chain is clear, the source is clear,” Pang Xinghuo, deputy director of the Beijing Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, told reporters on Wednesday about the imported cluster in Xi’an. “The outbreak is considered to be controllable overall, based on the existing epidemic development trend.”。随着医疗需求持续释放,检验技术迭代发展,近年来我国体外诊断试剂市场持续增长,据统计2025年市场规模约1300亿元,已成为医药健康行业重要的细分板块。近日,国家医保局正式发布《检验类医疗服务价格项目立项指南(试行)》(以下简称“检验类立项指南”),覆盖临床检验、输血与血型、微生物与寄生虫、分子诊断、生化、免疫等主要板块,共计662个主项目、114个加收项、7个扩展项。全国检验类价格项目规范统一,将有力引领检验学科高质量发展,有效促进检验结果互认。  突出以服务产出为导向,重点解决检验方法学价格差异化问题  为解决过去大部分地区不同检验方法差异化收费问题,立项指南坚持以服务产出为导向,借鉴北京、浙江等地区实践经验,根据检验指标设立价格项目,对原有检验项目进行适度整合,原则上不按检验方法学分别设立主项目。例如葡萄糖检测项目,过去多数地区根据干化学法、酶法、酶电极法等不同检验方法设立不同价格项目,立项指南将不同检验方法的葡萄糖检测规范为“葡萄糖检测费”,不再区分检验方法,实现同检同价。  尊重临床运行和发展客观实际,分类确定价格立项的颗粒度  一方面,检验类立项指南充分考虑医疗机构医嘱和群众就医缴费习惯,对于临床常用、患者熟知的高频检验项目,原则上予以单独立项。

二 | 例如常用于胎儿神经管畸形风险筛查的叶酸(维生素B9)检测,未归入维生素B检测费,而是单独立项,保持收费方式稳定;乙肝、丙肝核酸检测等项目也保持单独立项。  另一方面,针对自身免疫等检测指标较多、更新较快的检验领域,检验类立项指南适当放大价格项目颗粒度,按疾病种类设立血管炎自身抗体检测费、糖尿病自身抗体检测费等相关价格项目,更好适应检验发展的现实需求。

三 |   规范设立加收项,合理体现优质优价  检验类立项指南在适度合并原有检验项目的同时,综合考虑不同检验方法在服务产出、人力投入等方面的显著差异,分类设置加收项,更好体现优质优价。一是针对同一检验指标下不同方法学的准确性、灵敏性、特异性、稳定性等产出方面存在明显差异的,在部分检验项目设置了“定量检测”等加收项,以促进医疗机构和企业推进检验技术发展进步。

四 | 二是针对不同检测方法学的人力资源和基本物耗等投入方面存在明显差异的,在部分检验项目设置了“质谱检测”“间接免疫荧光显微镜检测”等加收项,以兼顾对必要成本的补偿作用。三是针对部分检验经机器自动检测后仍有必要进行相对复杂的人工确认的,在部分检验项目设置了“确认试验”“绝对计数”等加收项,合理体现必要人工操作的技术劳务价值。

五 |   统一计价单位定义,促进计价收费更便捷  为便于医疗机构更好计价收费,除基因检测等少数价格项目外,检验类立项指南原则上以“次”和“项”作为计价单位。若检验项目适用于单一特定检验指标或一次完整检验,也就是“一对一”的情况,则按“次”计价收费,如微量白蛋白检测费按“次”计费,脑脊液、尿液等不同样本类型可按“次”分别计价收费。若检验项目适用于某类具体指标,大类下包含多项可独立开展检测的细分指标,也就是“一对多”的情况,则按“项”计价收费,如异常血红蛋白检测费按“项”计费,不稳定型血红蛋白、还原型血红蛋白等每种异常血红蛋白单独计作一项。为便于医疗机构更好执行,避免各方对“次”和“项”理解有偏差,立项指南在计价说明中对所有按“项”计价的价格项目所覆盖的具体指标进行一一列举,并用“等”为后期兼容同类新检验指标留下空间。  明确联检分档折扣,着力减轻患者负担  联检是医疗机构提升检验质效的重要方式,通过单次采样检测多项指标,既能减少患者采样频次,也能提高检验效率。检验类立项指南明确联检指医疗机构利用联检试剂或检测平台,通过一次检验操作,同时对同一份样本中的多个待测指标进行的联合检测。结合联检边际成本递减的规律,立项指南科学明确“分档折扣”的收费标准,切实减轻患者就医负担,其中联检指标≤5个的,各项检验按80%计价;检验指标≤10个的,各项检验按70%计价;联检指标>10个的,各项检验按60%计价。  支持发挥临床决策功能,体现检验诊断价值  与多数发挥辅助诊断的检验项目不同,在骨髓片形态学检测、微生物鉴定、分子诊断等检验项目中,部分检验服务可形成诊断分析报告,促进精准医疗。

六 | 检验类立项指南充分听取专家意见,在服务产出中体现直接诊断功能,将“作出诊断分析、出具诊断报告”明确纳入血液染色形态学检测、骨髓形态学检测、微生物鉴定等10余项价格项目的服务产出和价格构成。地方医保部门定价时,可结合实际在价格水平上适当考虑诊断相关技术价值,推动检验医学向诊断服务升级。  明确“缺数减收”价格政策,促进全民健康数智化建设  着眼推动医疗机构检验结果跨区域互认共享,检验类立项指南明确实行“缺数减收”价格政策,医疗机构提供检验服务应存储并上传符合要求的检验过程和结果数据,未提供上传数据和存储服务的执行减收政策,每项检验指标减收10%,最高不超过5元;单次检验涉及多项检验指标的,累计减收也不超过5元。  此外,考虑到前期卫生健康部门已通过行业标准方式规范了部分检验指标的参考区间,为推动参考区间落地应用,助力检验结果互认,经广泛听取专家意见,目前红细胞计数、白细胞计数、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶等29项检测指标已具备按行业标准参考区间上传数据的条件。据此,检验类立项指南明确,医疗机构开展血常规(全血计数+五分类)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶等17项检验时,上传数据所用参考区间(高原地区等经验证本地区人群不适用的除外)与已出台的行业标准参考区间(分为成人和儿童)不一致的,每项检验指标减收5%,最高不超过0.5元。

七 |   支持技术创新,统一增设部分检验项目  在编制检验类立项指南过程中,国家医保局一以贯之支持检验技术在医疗服务供给侧的创新发展,专门梳理各地医疗机构检验项目新增需求,从重大疾病诊断价值、市场竞争格局、是否纳入地方收费项目或技术规范等维度统筹考虑,通过单独立项或现有项目兼容方式将130余项检验类价格项目纳入全国统一收费项目规范。例如,利用患者自身肿瘤组织体外培养类器官,能够最大程度保留肿瘤关键特征,更好预测患者对药物治疗的实际反应,立项指南新增设立肿瘤类器官培养、药物敏感性检测等价格项目,促进精准用药。

八 |   在专家建议稿基础上,检验类立项指南编制工作前后历时近1年,引入全国多家医疗机构权威专家深度参与,召开多场专家、行业、学协会座谈会,得到了中华医学会检验医学分会、中国医疗保险研究会医保医疗技术专业委员会等学术团体的专业支持。检验类立项指南的发布,标志着40批医疗服务价格项目立项指南编制工作全面收官,全国范围内统一规范的医疗服务价格项目体系基本形成。下一步,国家医保局将指导各省医保局加快对接落地40批立项指南,科学测算价格水平,促进区域价格水平相对均衡,实现医疗服务价格领域“车同轨、书同文”。

Current article:http://www.zangjiwuqihuncongcherua.cyou/list_0k3um/u9agh.doc

Published on:02:02:41


Related reading
Copyright © 2020-2099 奋斗 All Rights Reserved 奋斗 Copyright