作者：秉马 来源：原创 发布日期：08-23
A | Mosquitoes use the body odor, heat, and carbon dioxide that humans emit, varying from person to person, to find their next meal. The study, which was published in the scientific journal Cell, reveals that mosquitoes may perceive odors via a variety of distinct pathways, in contrast to animals, which have a single set of neurons that detect each sort of odor.,Female mosquitoes use the variety of odors that people and other animals produce to find the blood that will feed their eggs. The olfactory neurons in the insects' antennae, which are where they take up scents, detect and send scent information to the brain.,Groups of human-odor receptors on the olfactory neurons in the antennae of female mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) were rendered inactive by the study's lead author Meg Younger and her colleagues at Boston University in Massachusetts using the gene editing tool CRISPR.,"We found that there’s a real difference in the way mosquitoes encode the odors that they encounter compared to what we’ve learned from other animals,” Younger is quoted as saying in the Guardian report on the findings.,According to Younger, the scientists believed that mosquitoes would adhere to the core tenet of olfaction, which states that each neuron expresses only one type of receptor.,“Instead, what we’ve seen is that different receptors can respond to different odors in the same neuron," she added.,This reportedly suggests that mosquitoes can still detect human odors after losing one or more receptors. The researchers asserted that this backup system may have developed as a survival mechanism.,"The mosquito Aedes aegypti is specialized to bite humans, and it is believed that they evolved to do that because humans are always close to fresh water and mosquitoes lay their eggs in fresh water. We are basically the perfect meal, so the drive to find humans is extremely strong," Younger explained,In the end, the researchers argued, knowing how the mosquito brain perceives human odor could be used to influence biting behavior and stop the spread of diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever that are transmitted by those insects.,"One major strategy for controlling mosquitoes is to attract them to traps to remove them from the biting population. If we could use this knowledge to understand how human odor is represented in the mosquito antennae and brain, we could develop blends that are more attractive to mosquitoes than we are. We could also develop repellants that target those receptors and neurons that detect human odor," Younger concluded.,Notably, Christopher Potter at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Maryland recently found a similar phenomenon in fruit flies, or Drosophila melanogaster.,“If one of these types of olfactory receptors is mutated or no longer functioning, there’s this backup system," Potter is quoted as saying in the New Scientist report. “It’s changing the dogma of what we thought we knew about the olfactory system.”,Science & TechSmell of Blood: Mosquitoes' Scent-Based Host-Seeking Mechanism Revealed16 May, 05:54 GMT。 Electrek 推测，特斯拉送出了大约 80 辆电动跑车，并给予了优质客户更大的折扣力度。可惜后来出于成本的考量，公司 CEO 伊隆·马斯克暂时搁置了这一计划。不过特斯拉也没有直接取消推荐奖励，而是先将福利缩水到了 1000 英里的免费超充额度（虽然后来也没了）。而过去两年里唯一剩下的奖励，就是该公司的太阳能产品了。有趣的是，最近有消息称，特斯拉正在酝酿推出新版推荐奖励计划。
B | 其实早在去年，Electrek 就提过一嘴。据知情人士透露，特斯拉计划消除（或减少）常见的社交媒体或邮件分享的推荐连接，转而采用基于应用程序的面对面推荐形式。
C | @Teslascope 在周三的一条推文爆料中称，特斯拉推荐奖励项目或很快卷土重来。由最新版本的移动 App 更新可知，其中包含了一些新的文本字符串，且它们与超充里程、官方商品、甚至汽车配件等推荐奖励有关。
D | 通常情况下，车企会在需要提振销量的时候，祭出此类促销奖励。但对于特斯拉来说，其本就已经实现了相当瞩目的创纪录销量。至于真相究竟如何，还请耐心等待晚些时候的电话财报披露。
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Published on:08:18:18