幸福魔方

中美博弈再升级！美国突然撤销对中企出口芯片许可，中国反制动作迅速，再减持448亿美元外汇。    RAVENA, N.Y. -- New York officials launched legal recreational marijuana sales by promising many of the first retail licenses to people with past drug convictions, hoping to give people harmed by the war on drugs a chance to succeed before competitors crowded in.But more than nine months after sales started, only about two dozen state-sanctioned dispensaries have opened their doors. Legal challenges over the state's permitting process have left more than 400 provisional licensees in limbo. Marijuana farmers are reeling because there are too few stores to sell their harvest.State regulators are now expanding the market amid those troubles. They recently opened up a 60-day general application window to grow, process, distribute or sell marijuana, expecting to issue more than 1,000 new licenses. New rules also will allow companies licensed to grow and sell medical marijuana in New York to get into the recreational market.The moves are expected to boost the number of legal dispensaries in a market now dominated by black-market sellers who simply opened retail stores without a license. But the prospect of competing with the medical providers worries some farmers and retailers who fear being squeezed by deeper-pocketed companies before they had a chance to establish themselves.“My concern is that they have all the money to bleed us out,” said Coss Marte, whose opening of CONBUD dispensary in Manhattan was pushed back by a lawsuit against state regulators. “They’re vertically integrated. So now what they could do is ... grow their own product at the cheapest price and basically outbid all the farmers, all our products and all our pricing.”Critics blame New York’s slow retail growth partly on bureaucratic issues, like delays in setting up a $200 million “social equity” fund to help applicants open shops. The rollout also was hobbled by lawsuits on behalf of people and businesses excluded from the first wave of retail licenses. Marte's shop was among those temporarily blocked by a judge from opening after a group sued on behalf of disabled veterans, saying they were wrongly excluded from applying for a license. Marte, who has a past drug arrest, was paying rent on a store he could not open.A judge recently ruled that Marte's store and several others could open. But the fate of many other provisional license holders, like Carson Grant of New York City, was unclear. After months of delays in opening his store in Queens, he was debating whether to reapply for a license again in this general round.“It's very difficult emotionally,” he said.Reginald Fluellen, senior consultant with the Cannabis Social Equity Coalition, blamed the state for a botched rollout.“They’ve failed miserably in providing the justice-involved individuals the kind of head start, the kind of foothold, in the market that they promised," Fluellen said.Under new regulations, medical marijuana providers could begin retail recreational sales at one of their existing dispensaries as early as Dec. 29. They could begin selling recreational pot at two more dispensaries six months after that. The entry price for those companies is steep: a $20 million licensing fee, with $5 million due upfront. But multiple companies are expected to jump in.“We expect New York to be the hub, or one of the hubs, for legal cannabis on the East Coast,” said Curaleaf CEO Matt Darin. “And so we’re very bullish and we’ve invested a lot of capital and time to be able to maximize the opportunity.”Curaleaf, which operates in multiple states, has already invested $50 million in New York, most of it on a recently expanded indoor growing facility south of Albany that now serves the medical market. Rows of plants there mature in intensely lit rooms where humidity, temperature and nutrition are tightly controlled — a scene in stark contrast to the fields and greenhouses that have defined New York’s adult-use market since growing started last year.Curaleaf will be able to double the size of the facility’s canopy to 64,000 square feet, or about 1.5 acres (0.61 hectares), if the market dictates, said Joe Holland, an executive vice president.To guard against retail monopolies, the medical providers will be limited to three retail outlets. And in a nod to farmers, their shops will initially have to devote half their shelf space to products grown and processed by independent businesses.Still, critics say the state should have allowed more time for economically and socially diverse entrepreneurs to succeed before letting in larger competitors.Joseph Calderone of Grateful Valley Farm, near the Pennsylvania border, compared it to little hardware stores competing against big box stores. Large indoor facilities, he said, can produce multiple crops a year. Meanwhile, farms having trouble selling their crops are “teetering on the edge of failure,” he said.“We were given a fair chance to grow. We were asked to do that," he said. "We kept our promise. The state did not keep their promise.” Office of Cannabis Management executive director Chris Alexander said the new regulations maintain New York’s commitment to social and economic equity, while keeping the market more competitive than in other states. That includes giving priority consideration for social and equity applicants in the current round.While acknowledging there was some “frustration” in getting retail stores open, Alexander said the state has shown a market supplied by small farmers can work. "We've got some of the top-performing dispensaries in the country right here in New York," Alexander saidAnd there’s still room to grow. Regulators have estimated New York will eventually require at least 2,000 dispensaries to meet demand. “I think there’s enough business to go around,” said Christian Chavez, CEO of Statis Cannabis Co. He said sales have been good since they opened their dispensary in the Bronx in July. “I think it’ll be quite some time until this market gets saturated in New York.”。

据观察者网报道，综合多家外媒消息，近日，拜登政府进一步收紧了对中国企业华为的出口限制，宣布撤销美国芯片企业高通和英特尔公司向华为出售半导体的许可证。美国国会众议院外交事务委员会主席麦考尔表示，这是阻止中国开发先进人工智能的关键之举。此举将阻止美国英特尔和高通出售给华为任何芯片，还称这两家公司和中国“走得过近”。另据美国商务部证实，目前已“撤销了对华为的部分出口许可”。相关消息人士表示，美国针对华为的新举措，将影响华为手机和笔记本电脑芯片供应。

美国切断美企与华合作，实际上是在倒逼中国企业进一步扩大自研力度，加大中国企业的自主性，美国此举看似是阻碍中国发展，其实是“自断后路”。近年来，随着中国企业的高速发展，美国“一家独大”的垄断地位逐渐被打破。对此毫无办法的拜登政府，便开始以损失自身企业的办法，打压中美正常的技术合作以及贸易往来。殊不知，这样的限制措施其实是“伤敌八百自损一千”。

面对咄咄逼人的美国政府，中国也并未选择逆来顺受。就在美国出台最新限制措施后不久，中国的反制来了。

B | 根据金融时报报道，近日，国家外汇管理局发布了最新统计数据，截至2024年4月，中国的外汇储备规模为32008亿美元，较3月减少448亿美元。此外，在持续坚持减少美国外汇的同时，数据显示，中国已经连续18个月增持黄金。

C | 可以发现，美西方越是对中国的高科技领域进行打压和遏制，中国对美元的需求就越缩减。拜登政府不想让中国获得领先，那美国自己也不想有好日子过。

从美国一次又一次加码对中国企业的制裁措施，我们可以发现两点。首先，美国部分极端政客野心巨大，持续鼓动拜登对华施加高压。这次直接撤销美企出口许可，就是其鼓动挑拨的结果。其次，美国对华的制裁并不成功，或者说根本没有达到美国想要的效果。

D | 要不然美国也不会像“打补丁”一样，不断更新对华打压措施，增加对中企的限制。

中国是一个不惧挑战和苦难的国家，最不怕外国的打压和限制。

E | 美西方那个的“小院高墙”再坚固，也挡不住中国坚持走自主创新的道路。事实已经并将继续证明，美国卡不了中国的“脖子”。美国如今对华关上合作的大门，实际上是将市场腾出来，拱手让给中国企业。

而就中国这次迅速地反制动作而言，我们或许早就料到了美国会走这步棋，已经提前有了应对策略。从这一点就可以看出，中国不会让美国或者别国肆意侵犯自身利益。我国商务部也已经发出警告：中方将采取一切措施，维护中方合法正当权益。新的“风暴”已经来临，中美竞争存在升温的趋势，这再一次证明，和美国讲道理是讲不通的，中方的反制必须“一拳到肉”。

F |